Push & Pull Toys: Stability, Cords and Axles

A push toy is structural — a child leans on it and it has to still be there afterwards. A pull toy is a cord problem wearing a duck costume. Different toys, different months, treated separately.

What is inside

• Why CPSC puts push toys at around 12 months and pull toys at around 19
• Tipping angle computed from track and centre-of-mass height, with a six-row table
• Why lowering the mass buys more than widening the track
• Handle joints, handle grain and handle diameter under a ten-kilogram load
• Why free-running wheels are a hazard on a push toy
• Every ASTM F963 cord limit in one table, including the 220 mm bead rule
• Replacing the bead with a crossbar, and why 80 mm rather than the 60 mm the hand wants
• The rolling chassis: wheel size, ground clearance, wheelbase, through-axles
• The 94 dB limit on push and pull toy noise, and how to design under it
• A worked chassis with every derived figure shown with its arithmetic

Format

• 5 pages, A4, PDF
• Delivered as an instant download after purchase
• Print at 100% with scaling off — several drawings are reproduced at true size
• No physical item is shipped

Please note

This is a design guide, not legal advice, and it does not substitute for testing. Regulatory figures are cited to their source so you can verify them against the current text.