Wheels & Axles Without a Lathe

A wheel is not a circle. It is a disc whose rim is everywhere the same distance from a hole. Those are two separate requirements, and most methods online fix one and ignore the other.

What is inside

• Roundness against concentricity, and why an offset of e produces twice that in runout
• The one rule that organises everything: the hole is the datum
• Four methods compared — hole saw, pivot jig, router trammel, truing jig
• Why a hole saw never gives you the diameter printed on it, and how to compute what it does give
• Building and setting a pivot jig, including why you correct by half the error
• Truing a rough wheel true, and measuring runout with a pencil instead of a dial gauge
• How four wheels stack their errors into a rocking toy, and three ways to stop it
• A proportioned wheel from one ratio pair, with a six-size table
• Running clearance computed from seasonal wood movement rather than guessed
• Making round axles with a dowel plate, and when a brass bushing earns its place

Format

• 7 pages, A4, PDF
• Delivered as an instant download after purchase
• Print at 100% with scaling off — several drawings are reproduced at true size
• No physical item is shipped

Please note

This is a design guide, not legal advice, and it does not substitute for testing. Regulatory figures are cited to their source so you can verify them against the current text.